%XY.
Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a Mediterranean state in Central Africa. It borders Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west.
Chad is divided into three main climatic zones: the desert zone in the north, the arid Sahel region in the center and the most fertile Sudanese zone in the south.
Lake Chad, from which the country takes its name, is the largest wetland in Chad, and the second largest in Africa. The highest point in the country is Amy Kushi in the Sahara, while the capital and largest city is Djamena.
Chad is home to more than 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups. The official languages ??are Arabic and French. The most widespread religions are Islam and Christianity.
At the beginning of the 7th millennium BC, large movements of human populations took place in the Chad Basin. By the end of the 1st millennium BC, a number of states and empires flourished and flourished in the Chadian strip of Chad, each focusing on controlling the routes of the super-sugar trade passing through the region.
France conquered Chad until 1920 and integrated it into French Equatorial Africa. In 1960, Chad gained its independence under the leadership of Francois Tombalbay. Reactions to his policy from the Muslim north culminated in the outbreak of a long civil war in 1965. In 1978 the guerrillas occupied the capital and ended the hegemony of the south.
However, the various guerrilla groups began to fight each other until the victory of Hisen Hambre. It was overthrown in 1990 by General Idris Debbie. Since 2003, the Darfur crisis in Sudan has crossed the border and destabilized the country, with hundreds of thousands of Sudanese refugees living in camps in eastern Chad.
Chad is still plagued by political violence and repeated coup attempts. It is one of the poorest and most corrupt countries in the world. Most residents live on the edge of poverty as ranchers and self-employed farmers.
Since 2003, crude oil has been the main export revenue, surpassing the traditional cotton industry.